structure of wood pdf

0000061290 00000 n 683 0 obj <>stream 0 ��m� Few, if any, materials can compete with wood 0000005352 00000 n the structure of wood at decreasing scales and in ways that demonstrate the biological rationale for a plant to produce wood with such features. Cette publication est aussi disponible en français sous le titre : Construction de maison à ossature de … 0000005579 00000 n H�\�͊�@�OQ��Ecbݺ� ��n�b~��{��:��FHr��〕��C��.�> �1��o��Dw��օk�f�8[��k=fyZ|��x=��!�*��Ho�tw�v8��,�6�q��{��;>��>��5��[��Ƶ�}�ǯ�5�|Y�th��n�?�5��y�+��51��X7q��K̪U:6�zK�&�}��u+��tn~�SV�y�J? Many elements of a home work together as a system to resist lateral and axial forces imposed on the above-grade structure and transfer them to the foundation. 0000011448 00000 n 0000005811 00000 n 0000003783 00000 n 0000044847 00000 n 0000067584 00000 n Design of timber structures Volume 3 14 calculated practical examples with solutions. 0000010127 00000 n x�b```b``�c`c`bdf@ aV�(G�BTH� c_�t�ג-F+�@�Z��v��%��u}��40��n��. Figures (c) and (d) show increasing amounts of load. 0000014861 00000 n Composition and Structure of Wood CellsWood Cells JyhJyh--Horng WuHorng Wu Chemical Components Wood is composed principally of carbonWood is composed principally of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 0000002190 00000 n [Figure 2-5] The most popular types of fuselage structures used in today’s aircraft are the monocoque (French for “single shell”) and semimonocoque. 0000014322 00000 n AERCAN WOOD CONCL STR OBLEMS iii FOREWORD This document is intended to aid instruction in structural design of wood structures using both Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD). 0000005839 00000 n 3. 0000006065 00000 n 0000115029 00000 n startxref 0000118025 00000 n » Stiffness of wood. 4 Design of timber structures – Volume 3 Preface This is the second revised edition of Design of timber structures Volume 3, Examples published in 2015. 0000004490 00000 n Wood Anatomy 2 Wood microstructure Plant organism - basic structure unit: cells of different type - tissue = cells of the same origin, function and morphology - tissues form anatomic structures (e. g. rays) Wood = system of tissues 0000001745 00000 n • The basic unit of wood structure is the plant cell, which is the smallest unit of … You often hear people grumbling about money and all kinds of other things that \"don't grow on trees\"; the great thing about wood is that 0000011136 00000 n <<5C31AD08ACF14F458EDCED6F5C180AB8>]/Prev 874026/XRefStm 2669>> All problems will be in this general format; that is, the ASD solution is shown on 0000010351 00000 n 0000012141 00000 n 0000003440 00000 n 0000006121 00000 n 976 0 obj <> endobj b�AB#:`>Q� 1!�e�%`fA��! 0000009139 00000 n What it is like at “CELLULAR LEVEL” ? It is a uniformly loaded beam with an overhang, and it is to be designed for the simultaneous application of dead and snow load. The structure of wood which can easily seen by naked eye or with small magnification is called macrostructure of wood. 0000001877 00000 n These structure types are discussed in more detail under aircraft construction later in the chapter. 0000017044 00000 n When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties as strength and shrinkage as well as the grain pattern of the wood. trailer » Strength of wood. 0000044874 00000 n 0000117674 00000 n 0000004712 00000 n 0000002365 00000 n )�r`�ʬ��l��%s��e�"�0� �w�{�=�+�+�s�W�6�_3��pz�쑅Y��{�=��~��{�=��~��/�. The secondary xylem of the conifers is commonly called softwood.This term can at times be misleading, however, as many coniferous woods are physically quite hard while some angiosperm hardwoods are, in fact, quite soft (e.g. 0000067819 00000 n %%EOF 1039 0 obj <>stream When harvested responsibly, wood is arguably one of the best tools architects and engineers have for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and storing carbon in our buildings. 0 This book is intended to be used together with the books Design of timber structures Volume 1 and 2. The modern conventional wood-frame house, with wood or wood product covering materials, is economical, long lasting, and can be constructed in any location. 0000118125 00000 n The macrostructure having pith, Heart wood, sap wood, cambium layer, inner bark, outer bark and medullary rays. endstream endobj 646 0 obj <>/Metadata 48 0 R/Pages 45 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/StructTreeRoot 50 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 647 0 obj <>>>/Type/Page>> endobj 648 0 obj <> endobj 649 0 obj <> endobj 650 0 obj <> endobj 651 0 obj <> endobj 652 0 obj <> endobj 653 0 obj <> endobj 654 0 obj <>stream Abstract. Each of these components contributes to fiber properties, which ultimately impact product properties. It is an organic material – a natural composite of cellulose fibers that are strong in tension and embedded in a matrix of lignin that resists compression. xref 0000108560 00000 n 0000004822 00000 n This can be considered at two levels: the microstructure, which can be examined only with the aid of 3-1 . 0000060694 00000 n }�K% This effect is illustrated by the light green honeycomb demonstration at the Boston Nature Center. Thus, it is more commonly used for structural wood products. 0000004193 00000 n 0000009572 00000 n O��]` 0000108642 00000 n The microscopic cellular structure of wood, including annual rings and rays, produces the characteristic grain patterns in different species of trees.The grain pattern is also determined by the plane in which the logs are cut at the saw mill. 0000004609 00000 n Wood is primarily composed of hollow, elongate, spindle-shaped cells that are arranged parallel to each other along the trunk of a tree. 0000119514 00000 n 0000115357 00000 n x�bbRg`b``Ń3� ��ţ�1�x4>�0 L 0000015864 00000 n 0000044366 00000 n 4. 0000001552 00000 n 0000114584 00000 n endstream endobj 655 0 obj <> endobj 656 0 obj <>stream 0000003925 00000 n 0000083342 00000 n 0000067666 00000 n Wood is essentially composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, and extractives. Many properties of wood are related directly to its structure. 0000006676 00000 n 0000001097 00000 n 0000003651 00000 n %PDF-1.5 %�� 0000083914 00000 n trailer 0000005351 00000 n Part 2 has five chapters on the properties of wood, with special coverage of elastic behaviour, toughness and the use of structural-sized timber for strength tests. The structure of the microfibrils of spruce wood cellulose was investigated using a range of spectroscopic methods coupled to small-angle neutron and wide-angle X-ray scattering. 0000061562 00000 n 0000006736 00000 n 0000012610 00000 n �^�5n�1��Pw1�ɴ�� CANADIAN WOOD-FRAME HOUSE CONSTRUCTION CMHC offers a range of housing-related information. Explain/demonstrate how a natural engineering material responds to load and how an understanding of the fundamental properties of wood informs design. 0000115465 00000 n 0000011105 00000 n xref When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties as strength and shrinkage as well as the grain pattern of the wood. It contains design examples and complete solutions calculated using ASD and LRFD. 0000108489 00000 n 0000002880 00000 n conventional wood frame home are shown in Figure 5.1; the reader is referred to Chapter 1 for more detailed references to house framing and related construction details. In (a), no load is applied. The structure of timber helps to understand why this happens. 0000002669 00000 n These scanning electron micrographs show what happens when wood is compressed along the grain. In transverse or cross sections, the annual rings appear like concentric bands, with rays extending outward like the spokes of a wheel. 0000001609 00000 n This work is intended to assist engineering judgment when calculating mid-span diaphragm deflections in wood structures. Understanding Biodeterioration of Wood in Structures 2 systems, places of work, recreational facilities and our homes.Although we use wood for it s structural properties, we can not avoid the consequences of the metabolic functions of the tree trunk. Softwoods are simpler and more homogeneous in structure than hardwoods. 0000006357 00000 n Wood products … 0000003019 00000 n For details, call 1-800-668-2642 or visit our website at www.cmhc.ca. 0000012264 00000 n 0000012301 00000 n 0000007766 00000 n 0000067737 00000 n 3. 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