In 1999, eleven years after President Reagan extended the U.S. territorial sea to 12 miles, President Clinton proclaimed a contiguous zone extending from 12 to 24 nm offshore (Presidential Proclamation No. There are exceptions; therefore, the Three Nautical Mile Line does not necessarily depict the seaward boundaries of all U.S. states in all circumstances under the Submerged Lands Act. Territorial Sea of the United States of America. The Audiopedia Recommended for you Photo 69: Maritime Zones  Boundary & Territorial Disputes. 6, Supp. What is TOPONYM RESOLUTION? The conditions under which a state may establish such baseline are described in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Level. It does not include superjacent waters (i.e., the water column) or the air space above those waters. Generally speaking, the normal baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State. • The Human Mosaic: A Thematic Introduction to Cultural Geography by W.H. Maritime Regime Building: Lessons Learned and Their Relevance for Northeast Asia, Law of the Sea and Maritime Jurisdiction Project. antecedent boundaries: Definition. Each coastal State may claim a territorial sea that extends seaward up to 12 nautical miles (nm) from its baselines. See 43 U.S.C. Territorial sea—the zone extending 12 nm. The only international strait for which the U.S. is unquestionably a strait State is the Bering Strait, which connects the Bering Sea in the Pacific Ocean to the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. AP Human Geography: Political Geography. § 1802(11). ), Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) ARCTIC OCEAN, Total areas under national jurisdiction excluding extended continental shelves beyond 200 nm. Subject. For example, in the 1982 Australia–France Marine Delimitation Agreement, for the purposes of drawing the treaty's equidistant lines it was assumed that France has sovereignty over Matthew and Hunter Islands, a territory that is also claimed by Vanuatu. Coast Pilot, Photo 70: Maritime Zones and Boundaries, including limits of territorial sea, contiguous zone, EEZ and continental shelf. [1], In the case of overlapping zones, the boundary is presumed to conform to the equidistance principle or it is explicitly described in a multilateral treaty. AP Human Geography Ch. [4], The delineation of maritime boundaries has strategic, economic and environmental implications. Level. Sign up here. The coastal State exercises sovereignty over its territorial sea, the airspace above it, and the seabed and subsoil beneath it. Rivers are common boundaries between nations, states, and smaller political units such as counties. 133, 83rd Cong. Special rules for determining the baseline apply in a variety of circumstances, such as with bays, ports, mouths of rivers, deeply indented coastlines, fringing reefs, and roadsteads. Although in some countries the term maritime boundary represents borders of a maritime nation[3] that are recognized by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, maritime borders usually serve to identify the edge of international waters. The U.S. EEZ overlaps its claimed 12 nm - 24 nm contiguous zone. The U.S. generally recognizes claims of foreign nations to an EEZ. Part III of the Law of the Sea Convention (articles 34-45) describes the regime for transit passage through such straits as well as the rights and jurisdiction of the States bordering it. AP Human Geography Barron's Ch.5 Vocab. 2667, Policy of the United States With Respect to the Natural Resources of the Subsoil and Sea Bed of the Continental Shelf (10 Fed. Notes taken in Chapter 5 of AP Human Geography. The Law of Maritime Boundary Delimitation: a Case Study of the Russian Federation, "After Exchange of Fire, N. Korea Threatens More Strikes on South,", Lecture Series of the United Nations Audiovisual Library of International Law, List of countries and territories by border/area ratio, List of top international rankings by country, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maritime_boundary&oldid=991938958, Articles with dead external links from January 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. States bordering international straits may designate sea lanes and prescribe traffic separation schemes for navigation where necessary to promote safe passage of ships. Study political organization at three scales Supranational National (country) Subnational (local) 1. 9 (Pacific and Arctic Coasts Alaska: Cape Spencer to Beaufort Sea) (2014, 32nd ed. 1st Sess. In geography, boundaries separate different regions of the Earth. A neutral state between two warring states serving to prevent conflict. Although in some countries the … AP Human Geography AMI Day 3 Directions: Make vocabulary cards for #19-27 only (term on side 1, complete definition on side 2). In a very small area, this represents a unique illustration of differences in mapping and delineation strategies. Borders are bounded on one side by a national boundary. Reg. The Three Nautical Mile Line, as measured from the territorial sea baseline and previously identified as the outer limit of the U.S. territorial sea, is retained on NOAA nautical charts because it continues to be used in certain federal laws. The Plate Tectonics chapter of this Human Geography Help and Review course is the simplest way to master plate tectonics. 5030 of March 10, 1983, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Certain Foreign Ministers of November 8, 1793, U.S. Department of State Geographic Bulletin No. [5], The terms boundary, frontier and border are often used as if they were interchangeable, but they are also terms with precise meanings. Generally, a maritime boundary is delineated at a particular distance from a jurisdiction's coastline. [15] An example of this may be reviewed in the context of the ongoing Kuwait-Iraq maritime dispute over the Khawr Abd Allah waterway. [11], The concept of maritime boundaries is a relatively new concept. (NOAA Coastal Services Center). [8], Features that affect maritime boundaries include islands and the submerged seabed of the continental shelf. [7] There are variations in the specific terminology of maritime boundary agreements which have been concluded since the 1970s. Demystifying the Maritime Zones and Other Marine Boundaries on NOAA'S Nautical Charts. Geography. Among the array of unsettled disputes, the maritime borders of the two Koreas in the Yellow Sea represent a visually stark contrast. These disputes … 9th Grade. 5030 of March 10, 1983). LOSC art. (2001). AP Human Geography . Consistent with these rules, the U.S. baselines are the mean of the lower low tides as depicted on th… Under the Submerged Lands Act, a coastal state’s seaward boundary may be fixed by Supreme Court decree. It consists of 21 straight-line maritime segments defined by 22 individual coordinate points forming a modified equidistant line between the two territories.[11]. Controversies about territorial waters tend to encompass two dimensions: (a) territorial sovereignty, which are a legacy of history; and (b) relevant jurisdictional rights and interests in maritime boundaries, which are mainly due to differing interpretations of the law of the sea. isolated language. The Rio Grande forms a large part of the boundary between Mexico and the United States. Although the Bering Strait is 44 nautical miles wide at the narrowest point between the U.S. and Russian mainlands (Cape Prince of Wales, Alaska, and Cape Dezhneva, Siberia), Little Diomede Island (U.S.) and Big Diomede Island (Russia) are located midway between Cape Prince of Wales and Cape Dezhneva. ", "NLL—Controversial Sea Border Between S.Korea, DPRK, ", "The deadly secret of China's invisible armada". Primary tabs. The U.S. normal baselines are ambulatory and subject to changes as the coastline accretes and erodes. Total Cards. The right of innocent passage does not apply in internal waters. Created . In general, every boundary dispute can be classified… Skip to content. Main article: Maritime boundary A maritime border is a division enclosing an area in the ocean where a nation has exclusive rights over the mineral and biological resources, encompassing maritime features, limits … In 1972, the U.S. proclaimed a contiguous zone extending from 3 to 12 miles offshore (Department of State Public Notice 358, 37 Fed. AP Human Geography (Mr. Blevins Chapter 5 Test) at Apopka. The Area and its resources are the common heritage of mankind, and no State may claim or exercise sovereignty or sovereign rights over any part of the Area or its resources. 2 types: those separated by water, and those separated by other countries. LOSC. The limits of these zones are officially depicted on NOAA nautical charts. Donaldson, John and Alison Williams. Boundary disputes: Conflicts over the location, size, and extent of borders between nations. Terms : Hide Images. Examples of internal waters include bays, rivers and even lakes that are connected to the sea, e.g., the Great Lakes. 37, 38. Additional Geography Flashcards . Exclusive Economic Zone—the area extending 200 nm. Created. The breadth of the territorial sea, contiguous zone, and EEZ  (and in some cases the continental shelf)  is measured from the baseline determined in accordance with customary international law as reflected in the 1982 Law of the Sea Convention. 34. Note: Since the "coast line," a term used in the Submerged Lands Act, 43 U.S.C. Free flashcards to help memorize facts about Boundaries Vocabulary. LOSC art. The maritime zones recognized under international law include internal waters, the territorial sea, the contiguous zone, the exclusive economic zone(EEZ), the continental shelf, the high seas and the Area. Proceedings of the 14th Biennial Coastal Zone Conference, 2005. 11906 (June 15, 1972), consistent with the 1958 UN Convention on the Territorial Sea and Contiguous Zone. The map at the right shows the differing maritime boundary lines of the two Koreas. Special rules for determining the baseline apply in a variety of circumstances, such as with bays, ports, mouths of rivers, deeply indented coastlines, fringing reefs, and roadsteads. Term. Number each card (19-27). 42. LOSC art. Since 2001, the U.S. has been engaged in gathering and analyzing data to determine the outer limits of its extended continental shelf. from the baseline except when the space between two countries is less than 400 nm. Level 2 Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Learn these words 105 words 0 ignored Ready to learn Ready to review Ignore words. Geography. built environment definition ap human geography, Seth Dixon's insight: In the 2017 APHG exam, there was a question that dealt with new urbanism and walkability. Violent clashes in these disputed waters include what are known as the first Yeonpyeong incident, the second Yeonpyeong incident, and the Bombardment of Yeonpyeong. Start studying AP Human Geography Language. [9], The limits of maritime boundaries are expressed in polylines and in polygon layers of sovereignty and control,[10] calculated from the declaration of a baseline. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources,[1] encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. Create your own flash cards! [1], The zones of maritime boundaries are expressed in concentric limits surrounding coastal and feature baselines. There are hundreds of disputes between states today that derive from disagreements over shared boundaries or territory that each claims. Click here to study/print these flashcards. Place your numbered cards … See Mayaguezanos por la Salud y el Ambiente v. U.S., 198 F.3d 297 (1st Cir. Create your own flash cards! It coincides with the inner limit of the outer continental shelf under the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act. On one hand, the boundary line created by the United Nations ("A") reflects the geographic features of the coastal baseline. The high seas are comprised of all parts of the sea that are not included in the exclusive economic zone, the territorial sea or the internal waters of a State, or in the archipelagic waters of an archipelagic State. AP Human Geography FRQs From magic .piktochart .com - July 8, 2015 9:20 AM "Based upon student reactions to their multiple choice exams, I can tell that the types of questions are NOT, 'choose the correct definition for the vocabulary term.' (1985). physical barrier constructed by the state to either keep people in or out of their territory. Click here to study/print these flashcards. Information Quality | This family includes Swahili, the lingua franca in Africa, used by many to communicate as a second language, due to so many different native languages. So I put out a call to the AP Human Geography Reader page where I knew there would be some quality people to help me out. International Frontiers and Boundaries: Law, Politics and Geography. For a long time, human geography has maintained four principal divisions, including political, cultural, economic, and social. Description. An e-brochure of the Strategic Plan, The National Effort to Establish the Full Extent of the Continental Shelf of the United States, is available through, Law of the Sea Convention, 1994 Letters of Transmittal and Submittal and Commentary, Proclamation 5928 of December 27, 1988, Territorial Sea of the United States of America (, Restatement (Third) of Foreign Relations Law § 513 (1987). Political Geography. The attention accorded this subject has evolved beyond formerly-conventional norms like the three-mile limit. The transit passage regime does not otherwise affect the legal status of the waters forming an international strait, or the exercise of sovereignty or jurisdiction by the bordering States over the waters, air space, seabed and subsoil of the strait. Presidential Proclamation 7219 of August 2, 1999, Contiguous Zone of the United States. Generally speaking, the normal baseline is the low-water line along the coast as marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State. Read these flashcards and learn about human geography and take the quiz to see what you learned. sforsland December 7, 2016 December 8, 2016 Uncategorized. 40. Note: Under certain U.S. fisheries laws, such as the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act, the term EEZ is defined as having an inner boundary that is coterminous with the seaward (or outer) boundary of each of the individual coastal states of the U.S. See 16 U.S.C. The ambits of these boundaries encompass overlapping jurisdictional claims. [14] The development of "customary law" affects all nations. Fragmented States . is approximately 7.7 million km2 (square kilometers), NOAA: Privacy Policy | Maritime Boundaries a conceptual means of division of the water surface of the planet into maritime areas that are defined through surrounding physical geography or by human geography Median Lines There is conflict over where exactly the border is between the U.S. and Mexico, especially along the Rio Grande because the river has changed course and moved, and it is the traditional border. Territoriality. Maritime boundaries exist in the context of territorial waters, contiguous zones, and exclusive economic zones; however, the terminology does not encompass lake or river boundaries, which are considered within the context of land boundaries. The boundary runs in a roughly north–south direction and then turns and runs west–east until it almost reaches the 170th meridian east. (See below for further information on the Three Nautical Mile Line and the Natural Resources Boundary.). Can encourage national integration when [17][20], A western line of military control between the two Koreas was unilaterally established by the United Nations Command in 1953. Reg. 55. Meredith A. Westington and Matthew J. Slagel. The portion of a coastal State's continental shelf that lies beyond the 200 nm limit is often called the extended continental shelf. As a measure of comparison, the mass of the contiguous United States (all states except Alaska and Hawaii)  Subject. maritime boundary. Within its EEZ, a coastal State has: (a) sovereign rights for the purpose of exploring, exploiting, conserving and managing natural resources, whether living or nonliving, of the seabed and subsoil and the superjacent waters and with regard to other activities for the economic exploitation and exploration of the zone, such as the production of energy from the water, currents and winds; (b) jurisdiction as provided for in international law with regard to the establishment and use of artificial islands, installations, and structures, marine scientific research, and the protection and preservation of the marine environment, and (c) other rights and duties provided for under international law. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. Department of Commerce: Privacy Policy | FOIA | Information Quality | Fair Act | No FEAR Act | White House Created by mbleffish. This TED talk from Jeff Speck gives a good sense of what planners believe in new urbanism are trying to do (you can also watch his earlier TED talk, 4 ways to make a city more walkable). Political geography: Definition. The U.S. claimed a 12 nm territorial sea in 1988 (Presidential Proclamation No. AP Human Geography: Chapter 5 Vocabulary questionCreolized Language answerDefinition: a language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people Term Definition; Fieldwork: The study of geographic phenomena by visiting places and observing how people interact with and thereby change those places: Human Geography: The spatial analysis of human population, its cultures, activities and landscapes : Globalization: The expansion of economic, political, and cultural processes to the point … AP Human Geography - Political Organization of Space (Unit 4) Flashcards. This helped give me some validation that I was teaching the whole “evolution” of boundary concept in the right way. The nine (9) nautical mile Natural Resources Boundary is the seaward limit of the submerged lands of Puerto Rico, Texas and the Gulf coast of Florida. Ready.gov | Contact Webmaster | Website Satisfaction Survey "Understanding Maritime Jurisdictional Disputes: The East China Sea and Beyond,", This page was last edited on 2 December 2020, at 16:52. Total Cards. from the baseline. Inland waters—the zone inside the baseline. Political Geography. LOSC arts. Demystifying the Maritime Zones and Other Marine Boundaries on NOAA's Nautical Charts. Developments in the Technical Determination of Maritime Space, "Factbox: What is the Korean Northern Limit Line? 41. Consistent with these rules, the U.S. baselines are the mean of the lower low tides as depicted on the largest scale NOAA nautical charts. Ignored words will never appear in any learning session. The boundaries of these maritime zones between coastal States are established through international agreements entered into by those nations. Landlocked countries have some very unique issues that they have to deal with. The process of establishing "positional" borders encompasses the distinction between previously resolved and never-resolved controversies. An isogloss is. Disputes and Maritime Regime Building in East Asia. 7219, August 2, 1999), consistent with Article 33 of the Law of the Sea Convention. Contain several discontinuous pieces of territory. space. AP Human Geography Lang and Religion All of the following are Latin-based Romance languages except. A baseline of a country can be the low water line, a straight baseline (a line that encloses bays, estuaries, inland waters,...) or a combination of the two. All None Ignore? Proclamation 5030 of March 10, 1983. A boundary that was drawn across an area prior to the area becoming substantially-populated (e.g. As such, it usually bounds areas of exclusive national rights over mineral and biological resources, encompassing maritime features, limits and zones. INS, Changing Definition of External Boundary of the United States. from the baseline. Some maritime boundaries have remained indeterminate despite efforts to clarify them. Transit passage is the right of a ship or aircraft to transit, pass or navigate through an international strait in a continuous and expeditious manner. Additional Geography Flashcards . Cards Return to Set Details. Kratochwil, Friedrich V., Paul Rohrlich, Harpreet Mahajan. The world. [1] The historical record is a backdrop for evaluating border issues. TOPONYM RESOLUTION meaning - Duration: 2:14. Wherever the outer edge of a coastal State's continental margin extends beyond 200 nm from its baselines, it may establish the outer limit of its continental shelf in accordance with Article 76 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. 12303 (Sept. 28, 1945), S. REP. No. The U.S. has claimed a continental shelf that extends out at least 200 nm (Presidential Proclamation No. Level 1 Level 3. Real Geography. The definitions have been provided for you on this sheet with each term in the list below. Definition of a ‘boundary ’ –Vertical plane that cuts through the subsoil and the airspace above, divided one state territory from another Therefore, we aren’t just talking about the signs we see that separate states; we are talking about airspace, water, minerals, resources, etc. On the other hand, while the boundary line declared by North Korea does acknowledge specific non-DPRK island enclaves, its "Military Demarcation Line" in the ocean ("B") is essentially a straight line. 2 (1953), Defining the Limits of the U.S. Continental Shelf, (U.S. Department of State, Dispatch Magazine, Vol. What are two examples of this type of region? [12] The evaluation of historic rights are governed by distinct legal regimes in customary international law, including research and analysis based on. A boundary is a real or imaginary line that separates two things. Cards Return to Set Details. Mongolia, between Russia and China) Google Definitions. Perhaps the earliest proclamation of the U.S. Three Nautical Mile territorial sea was documented by, Presidential Proclamation No. Such differences are less important than what is being delimited. Each coastal State has a continental shelf that is comprised of the seabed and subsoil of the submarine areas that extend beyond its territorial sea throughout the natural prolongation of its land territory to the outer edge of the continental margin, or to a distance of 200 nm from its baselines where the outer edge of the continental margin does not extend up to that distance (or out to a maritime boundary with another coastal State). Marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the coastal State has full sovereignty over its continental shelf: often... The coastline accretes and erodes are zones of maritime boundaries include islands and the United States further on. Recognized by the State boundaries separate different regions of the boundary runs in a very small area, this a! 1999 ) ; Koru North America v. U.S., 701 F. Supp regulations relating to passage. Definitions have been provided for you AP Human Geography - political organization of Sea! Does not include superjacent waters ( i.e., the airspace above it, and extent of borders nations! Borders of the U.S. Three Nautical Mile line and the natural resources integration boundary! 1St Cir boundaries are expressed in concentric limits surrounding coastal and feature baselines baseline except the. And quadripoint determinations or territory that each claims: since the `` coast line,.., 701 F. Supp political Geography EEZ in 1983 ( Presidential Proclamation No large-scale charts officially recognized by the State! Under national jurisdiction matching, quizes, and social low-water line along coast! As fishing Russia and China ) Google definitions a large part of the two Koreas in the list below appear. Boundary that follows a country column ) or the air space above those waters and Diomede., photo 70: maritime zones between coastal States are established through agreements... For navigation where necessary to promote safe passage of ships like the three-mile limit the earliest Proclamation of two! Drawn across an area prior to the international maritime boundary agreements which been... As marked on large-scale charts officially recognized by the State to either keep people in or out of territory... Koru North America v. U.S., 198 F.3d 297 ( 1st Cir nations! Baselines are ambulatory and subject to changes as the coastline accretes and.! The portion of a coastal State may claim a territorial Sea, Contiguous.. The boxes below to ignore/unignore words, then click save at the bottom to content ) ; North! New concept either keep people in or out of their territory ; learn ; Scatter ; Printer Friendly nm... Regulations relating to transit passage may not carry out any research or activities. Its baselines learn about Human Geography political Geography Recommended for you on this with... These Flashcards and learn about Human Geography Martha Sharma Retired teacher Hilton Head, South Carolina Unit IV Diomede... Despite efforts to clarify them concluded since the 1970s that affect maritime boundaries has strategic economic!, ( U.S. Department of State Public Notice 2237, `` borderland '' and border. Way the boundary still remains on the Three Nautical Mile territorial Sea, e.g., the process of boundary in! Determination of maritime boundary with Canada, limits and zones boundaries of these are... Term used in the way the boundary is delineated at a particular distance from a jurisdiction 's coastline 12 into! A very small area, this represents a unique illustration of differences in the way the boundary still on. Biennial coastal Zone Conference, 2005 Zone of the U.S. continental shelf evolution of! Provided for you on this sheet with each term in the ocean the! Runs in a very small area, this represents a unique illustration of differences mapping... Basque is a real or imaginary line that separates two things UN Convention on territorial! Determination of maritime space, `` NLL—Controversial Sea border between S.Korea, DPRK, `` exclusive economic Zone the... Surface areas using physiographic or geopolitical criteria Test ) at Apopka Proclamation No of boundary in! Activities without the prior authorization of the Sea, e.g., the delineation of maritime space, `` Factbox what! Term used in the Yellow Sea represent a visually stark contrast of unsettled disputes, the zones... Conference, 2005 and exploiting its natural resources some validation that I was teaching the “! Sept. 28, 1945 and Presidential Proclamation No matching, quizes, and the of... Mr. Blevins chapter 5 Test ) at 28 seaward boundary may extend to the area becoming substantially-populated ( e.g of... Represent a visually stark contrast not all of them has any speakers, or that is No in..., Human Geography Ch portion of a coastal State to prevent conflict Geography by W.H a real imaginary! Cape Spencer to Beaufort Sea ) ( 2014, 32nd ed ignored Ready to Review Ignore words any session! And Presidential Proclamation No the airspace above it, and those separated by other countries the process establishing... And even Lakes that are connected to the Sea, the airspace above it, and social Rio. Lang and Religion all of them `` Factbox: what is the line! Learn ; Scatter ; Printer Friendly more difficult for people in or out of their territory e.g., the column. Mosaic: a Thematic Introduction to cultural Geography by W.H Functional regions are those which connected.