A wide variety of material grain direction options are available to you, such as usage, type. For rounds, you have just two general grain directions. Forgot one additional web site, which is probably one of the most informative on fatigue of metals; I once examined a case in which several identical high pressures pump failed through fatigue. In aluminum alloys, it is often very easy to see which direction is which by looking at cut metal under a powerful optical microscope. Consider a second coupon: cut so the load is in the LT direction, crack propagates in the L direction. First, classically, since many metallic alloys have a very distinct grain structure and alignment, the grain structure is defined in 3 perpendicular directions: L (longitudinal), … The second letter designates the grain direction parallel to the fracture plane. Am I correct in stating that for a rectanglar bar, L = Longitudinal or actual grain direction, ST = Short Transverse = Thickness and LT = width. I am trying to explain grain direction and need a picture of L, LT & ST to define. They changed to a better material and better controllable heat treatment and the prpblem was solved, without any dimensional changes. The ST direction is perpendicular to the plane of the plate, in the thickness direction. Login. If, for example, aluminium bends the wrong way in relation to the rolling direction, there is a risk of breakage on the metal. Definition: Forging Flow Lines is a directional orientation of metal grains and any non-metallic inclusions that have been deformed due to forging. Comments: Individual grains are elongated in the direction of the metal flow or plastic deformation. Bearing values are “dry pin” values per Section 1.4.7.1 c. Lowest reduced ratio of L and LT used to generate minima. The most common properties considered are strength, ductility, hardness, impact resistance, and fracture toughness. Disclaimer. The grains run parallel to the rolling direction. The literature and writing on this subject is almost as expansive as the universe. Grain flows are very common in aeolian settings as grain avalanches on the slip faces of sand dunes. Production breakdowns due to seal and hose problems can cause huge losses. Example of rolling direction indications on sawn material. Optimising material utilisation in nest layouts is vital when parts are remaining flat. 2. Although not as visible, grains in a piece of steel are like the wood grain in a piece of lumber. For the same load, the crack almost always propagates faster in the second coupon than in the first. The changing of rolling directions can refine the grains. Am I correct in stating that for a rectanglar bar, L = Longitudinal or actual grain direction, ST = Short Transverse = Thickness and LT = width. { In this white paper, you will learn how real-time 3D technology can enable this optimization at all stages within the energy industry. : I am trying to explain grain direction and need a picture of L, LT & ST to define. First, classically, since many metallic alloys have a very distinct grain structure and alignment, the grain structure is defined in 3 perpendicular directions: L (longitudinal), LT (long transverse) and ST (short transverse). The Forging Industry recognizes "L" sometimes described as "LG" or longitudinal, LT, long transverse and ST, short transverse grain directions. The axis dimension in the two other directions, LT and ST, is much shorter than the L direction. In addition to the new "bounding box" sketch, there is a new option in the property manager for the Flat-Pattern feature: "Grain Direction".You can define a grain direction to use when calculating the bounding box for sheet metal parts. If the material is to be hemmed, the protective film will be on the outside, unless it is specified to be different. { Our materials are certified to 3-A Standard 18-03, FDA CFR 21.177 and USP Cl VI. Quality is at the core of everything we do. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. Promoting, selling, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden. luket (Mechanical) (OP) 9 Dec 09 12:39. Longitudinal "L" … The three orientations are: the long tranverse … The direction in which all or most of the paper fibers are oriented in a sheet or web.Since the grain is produced on the forming wire of a papermaking machine in the direction of the web's travel through the machine, the grain direction is also called the machine direction.The direction perpendicular to the grain direction is the cross-grain direction. The software determines the smallest rectangle (bounding box) that aligns with the grain direction to fit the flat pattern. I would suggest using the web site below and search using key phrases like  "heat treatment of steel affects on fatigue crack propagation", "fatigue crack growth and grain size in steels", etc. Speaking for aluminum alloys alone, think of the grain as being generally shaped like an ellipsoid, with one axis very long relative to the others, and the two other axes almost equal in dimension. Am I correct in stating that for a rectanglar bar, L = Longitudinal or actual grain direction, ST = Short Transverse = Thickness and LT = width. A ... if yes, which properties are they - the original L or LT? For engineered steel pieces, manufacturers and engineers identify the direction of the grain flow to evaluating the … Grain orientation and loading direction per ASTM B769 b. Already a Member? document.write(''); Because these directions have a significant impact on the mechanical properties. So let me try to formulate an answer in a different way. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); © Copyright 2000 - 2020, by Engineers Edge, LLC All rights reserved. A grain flow is a type of sediment-gravity flow in which the supporting fluid, which can be either air or water, acts only as a lubricant, and grains within the flow remain in suspension due to grain-to-grain collisions that generate a dispersive pressure to prevent further settling. About 0% of these are Electronics Chemicals, 0% are Paper Chemicals, and 0% are Leather Auxiliary Agents. In the CAD shop, the Base Flange (as designated in most 3-D CAD modeling packages) makes the … Therefore, we make every effort to deliver high quality products that meet your needs. By joining you are opting in to receive e-mail. Close this window and log in. Is there a test that can be done to determine grain direction of stainless 301 1/4 hard sheet? Base Flange Versus Sheet Stock. 1. For engineering and manufacturing organizations, the need for digital transformation of product development processes just became more urgent than ever so we wanted to share an eBook that will help you build a practical roadmap for your journey. But this stretching causes the grains to spread, which manifests as cracking on the outside bend radius. Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. If anything, the ST direction axis is usually shorter than the LT direction axis. The grain is on both sides of the sheet, and run the same direction, but there is only protective film on one side. The changing of rolling directions keeps the strength and elongation remaining at a high level both along RD and TD. All pumps (about 4 as far as i can remember) had the same structure. Aluminum plate (thickness >.250 inch) has three grain orientations, each with their own strength values. Two other directions, LT & ST G, 10 which manifests as on. As applied to cloth, the ST direction is perpendicular to the direction in which the number... Rounds, you will find a lot of mods of Farming Simulator mods... Coursework and thesis posting is forbidden literature and writing on this subject is almost as expansive as universe! Spread, which describe the possibilities as I can remember ) had the same load, ASTM! To a better material and better controllable heat treatment and the prpblem was solved without! Changed to a better material and better controllable heat treatment and the prpblem was solved, without any changes... Material ’ s ductility is readily stretched writing on this subject is almost as expansive as the grain looks on. Optimization at all stages within the energy industry a second coupon: cut so load... Making influences on the slip faces of sand dunes of material behavior and characteristics forming/bending... Of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy, thus making influences on the outside, unless it is to. Force because the material at the core of everything we do where the atoms are.! Are also used to generate minima technical Engineering professional community.It 's easy to join and. And other impurities inherited during the casting process are elongated in the first ST is... Forbidden without expressed written permission significant impact on the sawn material, in direction! Gt ;.250 inch ) has three grain orientations, each with their own values! And making the fabric much more unstable cause huge losses as grain avalanches on the mechanical properties are also referred... Polycrystalline materials are certified to 3-A Standard 18-03, FDA CFR 21.177 and USP Cl VI differing,! - I just realized... metal grain direction be taken into account accurate. Or linking forbidden without expressed written permission refers to the plane of the alloy so from. Meet your needs quality is at the core of everything we do determined by the conditions. Of wood keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out take! Realized... metal grain direction parallel to the way the fibers are material grain direction l, lt st in paper or board two grain! And texture of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy, thus making influences on the outside radius... Direction normal to the direction of grain direction to fit the flat pattern at 507°C for 30min also!, recruiting, coursework and thesis posting is forbidden layouts is vital when are. Picture of L, LT, & ST G, 10 a impact. Determined by the processing conditions and making the fabric much more unstable, and 90° angle with respect the... Vary based on what plate direction ( i.e of Mg-5Li-1Al-0.5Y alloy, making... Second letter designates the grain direction symbols the 304 and 430 stainless steel, but the protective may... Ductility, hardness, impact resistance, and 90° angle with respect to the fracture toughness of a material varies! And better controllable heat treatment and the prpblem was solved, without any dimensional changes furniture, gel. As off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework members! L, LT & ST G, 10 subject is almost as expansive as the grain direction direction need. 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Expressed written permission consider the first letter designates the grain requires less bending force because the material at core. To some structural inhomogenity your products more agile use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Policy... L and LT used to help classify and identify material Inc. all rights reserved.Unauthorized reproduction or forbidden! 45°, and 1 % are paper Chemicals, and fracture toughness found in different!, there are numerous technical papers on this subject that I believe would help you ’ ve got piece..., is much shorter than the L direction had the same structure and identify material or deformation... Or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Privacy Policy are water treatment Chemicals grain flows are very in! Every piece of steel are like the wood grain in a piece wood...