earthquakes that could potentially destroy Ataturk dam. “If we protest, they take us to prisons,” Ayhan said. soy beans and other cash crops instead of the grain they now raise. claim the dam was designed to withstand quakes of up to eight on Ozoglu said the benefit from the dam cannot come close to that of the potential of tourism that would be better marketed if it had Unesco’s name attached to it. Besides the environmental problems that go along with an irrigation They also warn of terrible damage to the natural environment, saying biodiversity will suffer, and that numerous vulnerable and endangered species are threatened by the construction of the dam. Ataturk Dam. The dam, in the village of Ilisu, has raised alarms in Iraq, where activists warn it will reduce the water flow to the marshlands in the Iraqi south. cross-border raids into Turkey. Case Background and Iraq should not tell Turkey what to do with its water. the area and to provide irrigation to almost 30,000 square miles of 22 dams on the Tigris and Euphrates river systems. Dams Power Turkey's Conflict With the Kurds As Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan cracks down on the country's Kurds, rivers and dams will be central to his strategy — and Kurdish militants' reprisals. The Turks But the dam that will irrigate 245,300 hectares (606,149 acres) of agricultural land is in the news not because of its benefits but because of the frequent attacks on it. For example, Jordan uses 73 (2) The irrigation First conceived as far back as the 1950s, the dam project has long been mired in controversy. (3) These water-poor experts. First conceived as far back as the 1950s, the dam project has long been mired in controversy. anyway. Turkey drought: Istanbul could run out of water in 45 days, Istanbul university students clash with police over rector appointment, Turkey sentences journalist Can Dündar to 27 years in jail, Human rights court orders Turkey to free Kurdish politician, Covid-19 patients killed by exploding oxygen cylinder in Turkey, Turkish court jails hundreds for life over 2016 coup attempt, Art as resistance: exiled Kurdish artist’s daring Istanbul show, Turkey's central bank chief ousted after lira plunges to record lows, terrible damage to the natural environment. irrigate 1.7 million hectares (4.2 million acres) of land that will The government doesn't even respect the dead. dam sits on the Euphrates river that also supplies Syria and Iraq BBC World Affairs Correspondent David Shukman travelled to the region in January. ancient cities. Although many food The professor says Hasankeyf is a laboratory that could provide many answers about the past. The area is larger than the area of the The pieces were moved 3km away and now stand on a vast plain. especially true in the area of agriculture. water flow 50% from the Euphrates river for six weeks before talks stalled mostly because Turkey wanted the oil producing “There’s no democracy here. It is the largest of a series of dams along the two major rivers of the region, the Tigris and Euphrates, which both have their headwaters in southeastern Turkey. All rights reserved. dam, the world's fifth largest, is part of the Southeastern He will not be allowed to take his animals to the new village and has started selling his goats. another, they try not to be dependent on others. A spokesperson at the ministry of energy and natural resources was also contacted. Former Turkish President Turgut Ozal decided to build a series of A green pick-up truck could be spotted from below with belongings and furniture piled high, making its way out of Hasankeyf. Grant Norberg Geog 5 7/25/20 Dams across the world are subject to much controversy. Ataturk’s hope was to better integrate eastern Anatolia into the rest of Turkey and generate economic development through the construction of irrigation projects. Aswan Low Dam (or Old Aswan Dam) and the High Dam in the Nile River in Aswan, Egypt. ICE Case Studies The Ilısu Dam is one of the largest of the now 29 planned dams that form the backbone of a decades-long infrastructure project in Turkey. Only 10% of the area has been explored by archaeologists. “I am forced to do something and be in a city where I don’t want to live,” he said. Turkey has also conducted talks Per capita income doubled in the last five years as water from the gigantic Ataturk Dam irrigated 500,000 acres on the nearby Harran Plain, increasing the … Campaigners warn that close to 80,000 people will be displaced. PROJECT USE Generate electricity Currently 8.9 billion kWh a year 2010 2010 ––22% of Turkey’s 22% of Turkey’s electricity needs Irrigate dry plains Provide water to Syria - Duration: 2:42. grow their own food. There is some controversy surrounding the dam, as some water and power sourced from it are no longer flowing downstream to Iraq. The Turkish government has given residents until 8 October to evacuate. III. Why did the United States economy become the blueprint for international economic structures following World War II? In 1989, the Turkish government launched its South-eastern Anatolia Project (Turkish: Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi or GAP) [3]and commissioned the building of a large dam on the Euphrates River called the Ataturk Dam. natural resource. then use whatever is left over for agriculture, according to some protesting the fact that these dams are destroying many unexplored Only eight historical monuments – including a tower from what was said to be the oldest university in the world, half of an old Roman gate to the city and a women’s hamam dating to around 1400 – have been saved from Hasankeyf. Dam on the Euphrates River in southeastern Turkey, the centerpiece of the Southeastern Anatolia Project. As the residents wait for the floodgates to open and for Hasankeyf to be slowly submerged by the rising river, they say they will continue to raise their voices and spread the message of the settlement’s history, even after entry to it is banned in October. between Turkey and its neighbors regarding water supply and such Walking along the mountainside facing the town, Ayhan reached a cave clearly marked with an engraved cross, indicating an ancient church. “Such rare physical evidence of the human past must be protected at all cost,” Ozoglu said. After the half-hour drive from Batman in south-east Turkey, the ancient city of Hasankeyf, which sits on the banks of the Tigris River, appears as an oasis. The dam creates Ataturk Lake, which is a source of not only food and water, but also modern sports for the people of the region. Tapkan and her family have also not been offered a replacement home, even though they were allegedly forced to sell some of their land – at 900 Turkish lira for 1 dunum, or £125 for 1,000 sq metres – for the construction of the new village. with a large part of its water supply. economic sense. Construction work on the dam and its hydroelectric power plant started in 2006 and Hasankeyf is now just weeks away from destruction, despite a fight by residents and environmental campaigners to save it. Since most nations in the Middle East do not trust one The Atatürk dam is - like all new dams - a controversial building because it brought ecological, economic and political problems. A constant flow of water is imperative. On its completion it will be the fourth biggest dam in … Construction began on the Silvan Dam in 2011; it is expected to be the second-largest irrigation dam in the country after the Ataturk Dam. The government has built a “new Hasankeyf” for 700 households, 3km away from historical Hasankeyf, to relocate residents before 8 October. items may be cheaper to import, most of the countries prefer to ICE Case Number 132, Ataturk Dam and the Environment, Nathan Martz (June, 1994), I. V. Related Information. with Israel, as well as other neighbors, about a possible joint w and flood control have been recognized for decades. “Unesco said the culture ministry has to apply for it,” Ayhan said. The dam is named for the founder of the Turkish Republic, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. This certainly makes economic sense, but fear and the giant Ataturk dam in the southeastern part of the country. Atatürk's cult of personality was started by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk's successors after his death in 1938, by members of both his Republican People's Party and opposition parties alike, and in a limited amount by himself during his lifetime in order to popularize and cement his social and political reforms as a founder and the first President of Turkey. Country: Iraq, Treaty of Friendship and Good Neighborliness (1964) “It’s not just our story, Hasankeyf, it’s also your story, because it’s the human story,” he said. Between Iraq and Turkey. Iraq has actually threatened a regional war if its water needs are much of the food for the Middle East. My teacher and I belong to the first party. arid and semi-arid land. A look at the effects of the Ilisu Dam on Iraq and other regional countries. But this jewel of human history will soon be lost; most of the settlement is about to be flooded as part of the highly controversial Ilisu dam project. Benelux countries combined and will supposedly allow Turkey to grow Turkey doesn't tell Iraq what do to with its oil By erosion it silted more and more, as the soil from the surrounding landscape is flushed into the reservoir. - Conflict Overlap But Eyup Agalday, 27, said he and his wife were not offered their own home in the new settlement, as the government has a cutoff for those married after 2014. Few tourists visit the area, however, due to its inaccessibility. “I will have to live with my parents again– the whole family of 10 members will be in the one house,” he said. These “This dam is a weapon against the lowlands,” said Ulrich Eichelmann, a German ecologist and conservationist and head of the Austrian NGO RiverWatch, over the phone from Vienna. Anticipating its neighbors complaints, the Turks increased water flow 50% from the Euphrates river for six weeks before cutting the flow to a trickle in order to fill the reservoir. Region: Mideast-Asia The ancient settlement of Hasankeyf will soon be submerged as part of a controversial dam project – despite residents’ protests, Thu 12 Sep 2019 07.00 BST This is If there was democracy, maybe we could do something.” He says he was arrested in 2012. This vis… Anatolia Project, or GAP. Because of the controversy over water rights, the World Bank the Richter scale. hydroelectric power. countries to devise a similar pipeline to bring oil to Turkey. Hasankeyf is thought to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited settlements on Earth, dating as far back as 12,000 years and containing thousands of caves, churches and tombs. “They are barbaric.”. II. Environment Aspect Sitting under the shade of bountiful grapevines on the opposite side of the river, Hediye Tapkan, 38, said she had no idea where her family, including five young children, will go. Britain's involvement in the construction of a controversial dam in Turkey is once more under scrutiny. Ataturk Dam, dam on the Euphrates River in southeastern Turkey, the centrepiece of the Southeastern Anatolia Project.The Ataturk Dam is the largest in a series of 22 dams and 19 hydroelectric stations built on the Euphrates and Tigris rivers in the 1980s and ’90s in order to provide irrigation water and hydroelectricity to arid southeastern Turkey. Meanwhile, relatively little attention Whether it is at the hands of the questions of if it serves the people in its region well, how it affects the environment around it, or if there is a possible balance between the benefits between the people and the effects on the environment. However, it was Turkey in the 1930s under Kemal Ataturkthat first seized the opportunity to develop the potential of the two rivers’ water resources in a major way. over water and the politics of water, but archaeologists are also Ridvan Ayhan, who was born in one of the caves in Hasankeyf, is an active member in the Initiative to Keep Hasankeyf Alive, founded in 2006 as a grassroots campaign to halt the dam project. “I cannot see very many other places on Earth that deserve [more] to be on the list of Unesco’s protected sites,” Ozoglu said. desertification Why was the building of the Ataturk Dam controversial The river flows through Syria and Iraq; both depend on the river. The dam joins a list of massive river-blockers that have submerged historic homes and cultural sites worldwide in the last century. Ataturk Dam Lake Ataturk, Created by Dam Euphrates River 63 Billion CY Lake Atatruk To Syria, Iraq. Because of the controversy over water rights, the World Bank refused to fund the building of the dams. The venture is projected to distrust have more to do with policy in the Middle East than The Turkish authorities’ crackdown on protests has also hindered Hasankeyf residents’fight to stop the dam. It is unknown what year the church dates back to. The Tigris and Euphrates river basins have long been vital to Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and the Kurdish people. “We have the right to do what we like,” Demirel was quoted as saying at the dam’s opening ceremony. The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the extent and magnitude of the actual social, economic and environmental impacts of the Atatürk Dam in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, on the region some eight years after its construction was completed. Deploy the ICE Search and Sort Tool (SST). IV. When Iraq objected to the Conflict Aspect The controversy is not only just over what rights a country has Hasankeyf has been part of many different cultures in its long history, including ancient Mesopotamia, Byzantium, Arab empires and the Ottoman empire, but Hakan Ozoglu, a history professor at the University of Central Florida, said the settlement predates all these civilisations. more valuable asset in the Middle East. Controversy over the Tabqa Dam was more serious, driving Syria and Iraq to the edge of armed conflict in 1975. If you dig here you will find cultures layered on top of one another. countries need to set aside enough water for domestic purposes and When the Ataturk Dam was inaugurated in 1992, then Turkish president Suleyman Demirel said neither Syria nor Iraq could lay claim to Turkey’s water, any more than Turkey could claim Arab oil. Env. percent of its water for agriculture. Last modified on Mon 3 Feb 2020 12.45 GMT. 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